A water molecule is held together by strong, polar covalent bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

The partially charged regions of a polar water molecule are attracted to oppositely charged parts of neighboring molecules.

Each molecule can form weak hydrogen bonds to multiple partners, conferring water unique properties.

• Cohesion and surface tension.

• High specific heat.

• Expansion upon freezing.

• Versatile solvent for hydrophilic substances.

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