Stimuli that increase membrane permeability to K+ produce
graded hyperpolarizations.
A stronger stimulus produces a larger hyperpolarization.
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Stimuli that increase membrane permeability to Na+ produce
graded depolarizations.
A stronger stimulus produces a larger depolarization.
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Some channels are voltage-gated:
a depolarization causes more Na+ channels to open.
A depolarization that reaches the threshold (-55 mV)
triggers positive feedback and
causes a massive voltage change called action potential (30 mV).
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