Chapter
34
Animations
Study Guide
Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity
Vertebrates
Review
Vertebrates possess
, and are a
subphylum
of
phylum
.
Craniates
are chordates that have a
.
(
hagfishes
) are jawless marine craniates that have
derived from the notochord, but no vertebrae.
are craniates that have a
, made of
vertebrae.
are vertebrates that have
that evolved from skeletal supports of the
pharyngeal
clefts.
include sharks and rays with a
skeleton
made of
.
are the bony fish with a
endoskeleton.
are
ray-finned
fishes.
are lobe-finned fishes with more muscular pelvic and pectoral fins and include
coelacanths
and
lungfishes,
Tetrapods are gnathostomes that have
limbs, and evolved from
lobe-finned
fish whose fins developed into
limbs
adapted for terrestrial life.
have moist skin that complements lungs in
exchange, and undergo
from aquatic larva into a terrestrial
adult.
There are
orders:
are salamanders,
are frogs and toads, and
are caecilians.
Amniotes
are
that have an
egg
adapted for terrestrial life.
Living
reptiles
include
,
,
,
, and
.
Mammalia
are the only surviving clade of
among the amniotes.
Monotremes
are the only mammals that lay
.
Marsupials
are born early and complete embryonic
development
within a maternal pouch called
.
Eutherians are
mammals that complete their embryonic development within a
, joined to the mother by the
placenta.
Primates
have opposable
adapted for
, and include
lemurs,
tarsiers,
monkeys,
and
hominoids
called
.
Hominin originated in
about 6-7 million years ago.
was an early hominin that walked
upright.
The earliest species in our genus Homo was
Homo
("handy man"), who made
tools.
Homo
was the first fully bipedal, large-brained hominin.
Homo
was the first hominin to leave Africa.
Homo
neanderthalensis
became extinct a few thousand years after the arrival of humans (
Homo
).
Homo sapiens
are
hominoids with a large
capable of
making,
symbolic
thought and
.
We appeared in
160,000
years ago.
Summary.
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Jun 21, 2009
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